{"id":48357,"date":"2020-02-19T10:46:17","date_gmt":"2020-02-19T10:46:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hunting.be\/cerf-elaphe\/"},"modified":"2025-11-12T14:52:47","modified_gmt":"2025-11-12T14:52:47","slug":"cerf-elaphe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/hunting.be\/fr\/gibier-et-chiens\/gros-gibier\/cerf-elaphe\/","title":{"rendered":"Cerf \u00e9laphe"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbfull_width_background\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb equal_height=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image=\u00a0\u00bb41624&Prime; bg_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter center\u00a0\u00bb bg_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbno-repeat\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb12%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb13%\u00a0\u00bb class=\u00a0\u00bbtxt-white\u00a0\u00bb enable_gradient=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(3,71,42,0.5)\u00a0\u00bb color_overlay_2=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(3,71,42,0.6)\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.5&Prime; enable_shape_divider=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_height=\u00a0\u00bb75&Prime; bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbfade-in\u00a0\u00bb parallax_bg=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb parallax_bg_speed=\u00a0\u00bbslow\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bbtriangle\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column centered_text=\u00a0\u00bbtrue\u00a0\u00bb column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][split_line_heading animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h2>Gros gibier \u2013 Cerf \u00e9laphe<\/h2>\n[\/split_line_heading][nectar_animated_title heading_tag=\u00a0\u00bbh3&Prime; style=\u00a0\u00bbcolor-strip-reveal\u00a0\u00bb color=\u00a0\u00bbAccent-Color\u00a0\u00bb text=\u00a0\u00bbTout sur le cerf rouge.\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb50&Prime;][split_line_heading animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h2>Cerf \u00e9laphe<\/h2>\n[\/split_line_heading][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bb90px\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb2\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][split_line_heading animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h5>Classe : mammif\u00e8res<\/h5>\n<h5>Ordre : biongul\u00e9s<\/h5>\n<h5>Sous-ordre : ruminants<\/h5>\n<h5>Famille : cervid\u00e9s<\/h5>\n<h5>Esp\u00e8ce : cervus elaphus<\/h5>\n[\/split_line_heading][vc_column_text]\n<div id=\"post-8130\" class=\"post-8130 page type-page status-publish hentry\">\n<div class=\"storycontent\">\n<h3>Biotope<\/h3>\n<p>En tant que biotope, le cerf \u00e9laphe pr\u00e9f\u00e8re les vastes for\u00eats calmes, principalement compos\u00e9es de feuillus mais aussi de conif\u00e8res, de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence entrecoup\u00e9es de plaines ouvertes (zones agricoles !). Dans les r\u00e9gions montagneuses, le cerf \u00e9laphe peut \u00eatre pr\u00e9sent jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la limite des arbres. En \u00c9cosse, il vit dans les Highlands sans arbres, couverts de bruy\u00e8res et d&rsquo;arbustes, loin de tout couvert.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h3>Caract\u00e9ristiques externes<\/h3>\n<p>Un m\u00e2le adulte atteint une hauteur d&rsquo;\u00e9paule de 130 cm et une longueur de corps de 200 cm. Le cerf \u00e9laphe a une queue bien visible, d&rsquo;une longueur maximale de 15 cm. Le poids corporel d&rsquo;un cerf est de 120 \u00e0 180 kg (vivant \u00e0 pied). Pendant la p\u00e9riode du rut, le cerf ne mange pratiquement rien, mais il est extr\u00eamement actif. Le poids peut alors chuter consid\u00e9rablement.<x id=\"gid_0\"><\/x>Une biche (femelle du cerf \u00e9laphe) p\u00e8se environ 70 kg. Une biche \u00e0 queue \u00e9troite (biche dans sa deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de vie, avant qu&rsquo;elle n&rsquo;ait mis bas) atteint un poids d&rsquo;environ 60 kg.<br \/>\nLe plumage d&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9 du cerf \u00e9laphe est en effet d&rsquo;un brun rouge\u00e2tre frappant, avec un miroir nettement plus p\u00e2le, de couleur rouille. Le poil d&rsquo;hiver, plus dense, est plut\u00f4t fonc\u00e9 \u00e0 gris-brun.<br \/>\nLa mue a lieu en avril et en mai, puis en septembre et en octobre. \u00c0 partir de la saison du rut, le cerf pr\u00e9sente de longs poils sombres \u00e0 la base du cou, appel\u00e9s collier de rut ou crini\u00e8re de rut.[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<h3>Mode de vie<\/h3>\n<p>Les cerfs vivent en groupes (meutes) s\u00e9par\u00e9s selon le sexe. Les cerfs, les faons et les jeunes cerfs (dans leur deuxi\u00e8me ann\u00e9e de vie) s&rsquo;unissent pour former une meute de cerfs \u00e9laphes. Celle-ci est dirig\u00e9e par une biche exp\u00e9riment\u00e9e. Les cerfs adultes restent ensemble dans des groupes plus petits. Les cerfs tr\u00e8s \u00e2g\u00e9s deviennent souvent solitaires.<br \/>\nV\u00e9ritables cultivateurs, ils restent tr\u00e8s timides et tr\u00e8s sensibles aux d\u00e9rangements. Pendant la journ\u00e9e, ils restent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement cach\u00e9s dans un couvert dense. Vers le soir, ils sortent dans les champs ou les clairi\u00e8res. Un animal adulte a besoin de 10 \u00e0 12 kg de fourrage vert par jour.<br \/>\nEn \u00e9t\u00e9 et pendant la p\u00e9riode du rut, les cerfs rouges aiment prendre un bain de boue (zoelen).[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb41627&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbsmall_depth\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb margin_top=\u00a0\u00bb30&Prime; margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb30&Prime;][vc_column_text]\n<div id=\"post-8130\" class=\"post-8130 page type-page status-publish hentry\">\n<div class=\"storycontent\">\n<h3>Propagation<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c0 partir du mois de septembre, on observe une agitation et une activit\u00e9 croissantes chez les cerfs \u00e9laphes. Les cerfs, qui jusqu&rsquo;alors \u00e9taient rest\u00e9s ensemble, quittent leur \u201cclub d&rsquo;hommes\u00a0\u00bb et recherchent des sites de rut. Un tel site de rut est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une clairi\u00e8re, des clairi\u00e8res ou un pr\u00e9 dans une for\u00eat claire \u00e0 forte croissance, \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du couvert o\u00f9 les cerfs rouges s\u00e9journent. Il s&rsquo;agit souvent des m\u00eames endroits d&rsquo;une ann\u00e9e \u00e0 l&rsquo;autre. Le pic du rut se situe g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement au cours de la derni\u00e8re semaine de septembre. En fonction de la population d&rsquo;animaux sauvages et du rapport des sexes, un cerf fort, appel\u00e9 cerf de place, peut rassembler une meute en rut compos\u00e9e de plusieurs biches et d&rsquo;animaux errants. Les cerfs tr\u00e8s \u00e2g\u00e9s et furtifs se contentent parfois d&rsquo;une seule biche. Une meute est d\u00e9fendue avec obstination contre les cerfs rivaux.<br \/>\nEn poussant un brame impressionnant, le cerf tente de d\u00e9courager les autres. En cas d&rsquo;\u00e9chec, il peut y avoir des combats plus ou moins violents au cours desquels le vainqueur prend le contr\u00f4le de la meute.<br \/>\nLa plupart des activit\u00e9s de rut peuvent \u00eatre observ\u00e9es t\u00f4t le matin. Le rut est particuli\u00e8rement intense par temps froid et clair.<br \/>\nLe cerf en rut bourdonne fr\u00e9quemment dans une fosse de rut qu&rsquo;il a lui-m\u00eame creus\u00e9e avec ses pr\u00e9curseurs, frappe le sol ou la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation avec ses bois, urine fr\u00e9quemment (d&rsquo;o\u00f9 une tache d&rsquo;\u0153strus sombre et malodorante sur le bas-ventre) et ne prend pratiquement pas de nourriture pendant ces quelques semaines.<br \/>\nApr\u00e8s une gestation de huit mois, un faon na\u00eet en mai\/juin. Il pr\u00e9sente sur le dos les taches typiques du bambou et se tient immobile face au danger pendant les deux premi\u00e8res semaines. \u00c0 la fin de l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9, les taches du veau ont disparu.<br \/>\nLe lien de parent\u00e9 qui caract\u00e9rise le cerf \u00e9laphe est le suivant : biche\/chevreau\/petit animal ou cerf d&rsquo;un an. Ils se d\u00e9placent \u00e9galement dans cet ordre et sortent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement du couvert de cette mani\u00e8re.            <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb41628&Prime; alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbFade In\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbsmall_depth\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb margin_top=\u00a0\u00bb30&Prime; margin_bottom=\u00a0\u00bb30&Prime;][vc_column_text]\n<div id=\"post-8130\" class=\"post-8130 page type-page status-publish hentry\">\n<div class=\"storycontent\">\n<h3>L&rsquo;alt\u00e9ration<\/h3>\n<p>Chez le veau m\u00e2le, les rostres, excroissances osseuses de l&rsquo;os frontal, se d\u00e9veloppent vers le dixi\u00e8me mois de vie. Elles formeront plus tard la base des bois proprement dits. Lorsque le veau a environ 14 mois (juin), les bois commencent \u00e0 pousser. Comme chez tous les cervid\u00e9s, ils sont prot\u00e9g\u00e9s et nourris par la peau de l&rsquo;\u00e9corce.<br \/>\nCes premiers bois d&rsquo;\u00e9corce ne sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas balay\u00e9s avant le mois de septembre. Sous l&rsquo;effet de l&rsquo;oxydation, les bois balay\u00e9s \u00e0 blanc prennent rapidement une couleur fonc\u00e9e.<br \/>\nLes premiers bois sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement constitu\u00e9s de deux lances non ramifi\u00e9es, sans rosace. Les futurs cerfs de la capitale ne pr\u00e9sentent que tr\u00e8s rarement des ramifications ou m\u00eame des signes de couronnement. Les bons lances d&rsquo;un an doivent porter des lances au moins aussi hautes que leurs oreilles, avec des extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s \u00e9mouss\u00e9es.<br \/>\nLa premi\u00e8re t\u00eate tombe au printemps suivant (mai), apr\u00e8s quoi la deuxi\u00e8me ramure commence imm\u00e9diatement \u00e0 pousser.<br \/>\nLa deuxi\u00e8me ramure se caract\u00e9rise par la pr\u00e9sence de roses et est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement balay\u00e9e d\u00e8s le mois d&rsquo;ao\u00fbt. Il peut encore consister en deux longues pointes (avec des roses), mais il se ramifie g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en un bois de gaffe, de six ou de huit tiers. Les futurs cerfs de la deuxi\u00e8me t\u00eate peuvent m\u00eame d\u00e9j\u00e0 porter une couronne sur une ou deux baguettes.<br \/>\nLes diff\u00e9rentes branches ou scions d&rsquo;une baguette de bois sont d\u00e9sign\u00e9s, de bas en haut, de la mani\u00e8re suivante : yeux \u2013 glace \u2013 milieu \u2013 couronne (= 3 scions) ou gaffe (= 2 scions). L&rsquo;extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 du loup, qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours pr\u00e9sente, fait partie de la couronne.          <\/p>\n<p>Le nombre de cerfs ne donne pas la moindre indication sur l&rsquo;\u00e2ge d&rsquo;un cerf ! !!<\/p>\n<p>Un film tr\u00e8s instructif sur le montage des bois chez le cerf \u00e9laphe. Inclut des images uniques d&rsquo;un cerf perdant une baguette, la mise en place de la t\u00eate, le balayage, &#8230; <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_video link=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yUCk-vP7-ss\u00a0\u00bb][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/3&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb][vc_row_inner column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/2&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"dot\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"200\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/wild\/kleinwild\/\">Petit gibier<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/wild\/water-wild\/\">Jeu de l&rsquo;eau<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/fr\/autre-jeu\/\">Autre jeu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/wild\/grofwild\/\">Gros gibier<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/wild\/predatoren\/\">Pr\u00e9dateurs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/wild\/honden\/\">Chiens<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hunting.be\/wild\/wild-specials\/\">Sp\u00e9ciaux sauvages<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; 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